Stay Informed About Seasonal Allergies
January 1, 2019
‘Tis the season for itchy, watery eyes, runny noses, and all the joys that accompany the spring allergy season. Seasonal allergies, or “hay fever,” is most often caused by airborne pollens from trees, grasses and weeds, as well as airborne mold spores. Allergy symptoms occur when a susceptible person breathes in these substances, triggering an immune system response.
“Normally, the immune system provides protection by fighting off viruses and other pathogens that enter the body,” said Dr. Patrick Hayden, a Family Practice Physician in Logan County. “After encountering one of these pathogens, the immune system produces antibodies that are specific to it. If the person encounters that pathogen again, the antibodies are able to fight it off more effectively.”
In the case of an allergy, the immune system begins to react to harmless substances (like pollen) as if they are dangerous pathogens attempting to invade the body. When one of these substances, called an allergen, enters the body, the immune system releases histamine. The histamine leads to nasal inflammation and other common allergy symptoms.
Seasonal allergies are typically mild and can cause some discomfort, but are seldom serious. In some cases, complications from seasonal allergies can develop including: ear infections, sinusitis, sore throat, irritability, fatigue, cough, headache, and pink eye. Recent studies also indicate that there is a link between allergies and the development of asthma. Only a doctor can make this diagnosis.
Allergies tend to develop during childhood, but they can occur at any age. Generally, if the allergy occurs in early childhood, it may not reoccur in adulthood. On the other hand, if the allergy first occurs at age 20 or older, it may continue through middle age.
The reason why a person develops seasonal allergies is not fully understood, but there are certain factors that could make a person more likely to develop this condition. A family history of allergies is the biggest risk factor. Certain medical conditions can also increase a person’s risk of developing allergies. For instance, if a person has other allergic conditions such as eczema, food allergies, or allergic asthma, he or she is at a greater risk of developing seasonal allergies.
If you are a seasonal allergy sufferer, it may be beneficial to know which substance causes your allergic reactions. Ask your doctor about testing options. According to Dr. Hayden, “The easiest and most sensitive allergy test is the skin test. In this type of test, a needle is used to place a tiny particle of an allergen under the patient’s skin. Most of the time, if the skin reacts within 20 minutes, an allergy is confirmed.” Other common allergy tests include the RAST blood test, a nasal smear, and nasal endoscopy.
There is no cure for seasonal allergies, but several treatment options exist that can reduce the symptoms. Over-the-counter medications such as antihistamines can reduce the severity of allergic reaction symptoms. Some people experience more extreme allergic reactions and may need prescription medications or even allergy shots.
Of course, seasonal allergy sufferers can also take steps to reduce their exposure to pollens and other allergens. These steps include:
- Avoid being outdoors for prolonged periods of time, especially in the morning and evening when airborne pollen levels tend to be highest.
- Use air conditioners with filters and keep house and car windows closed
- Remove allergens that may cling to clothing, skin, and hair by washing clothes regularly and bathing every night before bedtime.
- Also, wash bedding and clean floors regularly to remove allergens that may be tracked indoors by people and pets. This will also help alleviate dust allergies.
If you have concerns about seasonal allergies, talk to your doctor. Visit our "Health Information" section for more information on this and other health conditions.